In a rare instance, India’s Prime Minister offered a stock market tip during a no-confidence motion in August 2023. Responding to opposition queries about loan write-offs by public sector lenders and LIC investments, PM Narendra Modi said, “There is a guru mantra for those interested in the share market – bet on stocks that the opposition raises concerns about.”
Investors following this advice did pretty well. The Nifty PSE, which has twenty public sector enterprise (PSE) stocks, saw a remarkable performance. By December 2023, the index delivered 40% returns and surged by 79% over the year, based on price appreciation alone. This excludes the hefty dividends typically paid out by PSEs.
The trend has continued in 2024 so far, with the index rising 10.1% in January, according to Trendlyne’s share price history tool. In this edition of COTW, we look at the performance of the Nifty PSE index in 2023.
While 2023 was a stellar year for the PSE index, 2022 saw a modest rise of 12.3%. A key driver of 2023’s sharp rally was bullish economic sentiment, thanks to the government’s push for infrastructure capex, defence indigenisation, and Make in India initiatives. The relativeundervaluation of PSE stocks compared to their private counterparts also attracted investors to these fundamentally strong companies, taking the share of PSEs in the country’s overall market capitalisation to afour-year high of 13.3% (42 lakh crore).
Defence and power-financing firms lead PSEs’ 2023 bull run
In 2023, the best-performing PSE stocks were the two largest power-financing NBFCs, REC and Power Finance Corporation (PFC) – both delivered over 100% returns. They reported an average loan growth of 20% on the back of healthy demand in the infrastructure and power sectors. In Q2FY24, REC achieved its highest-ever quarterly profit, an increase of 38.7% YoY due to improvingasset quality and efficient cost management.
Meanwhile, India’s largest power generation company, NTPC rose by 69.7% in 2023, driven by strong order inflows amid growing power demand. Coal India also rose by 58.2%, helped by a surge in thermal power generation and higher e-auction premiums. According to Union Power Minister Nitin Gadkari, power demand in India is likely to cross 400 GW by 2030.
Defence stocks like Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) and Bharat Electronics (BEL) have become investor favourites due to the potential in the Indian defence manufacturing industry, as the government emphasizes domestic procurement and defence exports. In 2023, HAL and BEL delivered returns of 93.8% and 69.7%, respectively. HAL’s strong performance is attributed to its strong order book of over Rs 83,000 crore and UBS expects the firm to benefit from upcoming defence orders worth above Rs 5,00,000 crore in the industry over FY24-28.
Among the state-run oil firms, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) rallied by 61.4% in 2023. Softer crude oil prices and the expansion of refinery and chemical projects fuelled this surge. Other oil companies like Bharat Petroleum and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) rose by 35.1% and 35.6%, respectively. ONGC aims to increase production to 50 million metric tonnes (mmt) from 40 mmt by FY28, driven by 23 ongoing projects with a total capex of Rs 60,000 crore.
GAIL and Power Grid Corporation are among the top-performing utility (electric and non-electric) stocks, rising by 58.1% and 41.8%, respectively. GAIL benefited from low valuations, improved demand for gas, and pipeline expansion. A stable dividend yield of around 4% and a high dividend payout ratio of 83.3% aided Power Grid’s surge. LIC, despite a modest share price increase of 5.3% in 2023, surpassedSBI to become the most-valued PSE. LIC was listed in 2021.
PSEs to continue paying hefty dividends
Apart from the stellar price performance in 2023, PSEs are set to pay over Rs 50,000 crore in dividends to the government for the third consecutive year. The index has maintained a dividend yield of 3.1%, thanks to a consistent dividend policy and improved profitability. This resulted in nine out of the twelve companies considered in the analysis maintaining a dividend payout ratio of over 25%. However, power financer REC and insurance firm LIC were among those with lower divided payments, affected by mandatory capital requirements from regulatory bodies.
A key factor driving the prices of PSE stocks is the expectation of the current government’s return in the 2024 elections. Despite recent gains, the government is likely to miss its disinvestment targets for the fifth consecutive year, as it faces issues like procedural delays and political and employee opposition. However, the 2021 public sector enterprise policy, which ensures government majority ownership in strategic sectors, has piqued investor interest in PSE stocks.
Typically, PSE stocks are overlooked by investors due to their underperformance compared to private counterparts. The Nifty PSE index’s P/E is currently trading at a discount of 35.7% to its all-time high P/E of 15.4 recorded in 2017. The recent Offer For Sale (OFS) by the government to sell a 2.5% stake in NHPC received a good response from retail investors (subscribed 1.4x), reflecting the changing perception towards PSE stocks. This, along with the gains of 2023, indicates a growing appreciation for the potential of PSE stocks.